Error when restoring Database: Duplicate entry for key 'PRIMARY'

Symptoms

When restoring a database, you may see an error stating there's a duplicate entry:

MySQL said:
 #1062 - Duplicate entry 'number' for key 'PRIMARY'

Description 

This error occurs either when inserting two rows with the same primary key, or when a table contains two duplicate rows. Here's an example:

INSERT INTO my_supercooltable VALUES ('number',10, 2, 'First',121,120,100);
INSERT INTO my_supercooltable VALUES ('number',10, 1, 'Second',98,61,100);

This error can also occur when a database dump does not drop existing tables.

Workaround

The user importing the database will need to attempt dumping the SQL file again or importing it to a fresh database. If that does not resolve the issue, a database administrator would need to review the SQL file to remove or correct duplicate entries.

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For more information, read more on primary keys in the MySQL documentation:

1.7.3.1 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints